A potentially life-threatening condition is on the rise in Virginia. It’s a little-known meat allergy called Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS). It’s caused by tick bites. Symptoms include hives, upset stomach, diarrhea, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and angioedema (fluid-related skin swelling). In some instances, it can even be deadly.
How is AGS Transmitted?
When a tick bites a human, it remains attached for hours. It transmits AGS through its saliva.
Alpha-Gal is a sugar molecule in the tick’s saliva. It is injected into the human body prompting an immune response. However, the immune cells have a tough time determining if the sugar is sourced from food or the tick bite. The confusion results in an allergic reaction.
People with AGS must avoid eating anything with the alpha-gal sugar molecule in it. These items include high-fat meats, like pork, beef, and lamb, or animal-based products like protein powders, dairy, and gelatin. Certain medications can also set off an allergic reaction.
“Once you have alpha-gal, your future is somewhat uncertain regarding the kind of restrictions you might have and what you can eat and what other things you can take orally, such as medications and such,” said Julia Murphy, a state public health veterinarian with the Virginia Department of Health (VDT).
Symptoms will manifest four to eight hours after consuming these items.
The condition has been nicknamed the “red meat allergy” or “tick bite meat allergy” due to its connection with tick bites and red meat.
The CDC became aware of AGS in 2008. There is currently no known treatment or cure.
AGS Can Become Deadly
AGS can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms include tight, narrow airways, throat swelling that makes it hard to breathe, a serious drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, dizziness, and passing out. It can be treated with a prescription medicine called epinephrine.
AGS in Virginia
Cases of AGS have been on the rise in Virginia, mainly due to the lone star tick which is prevalent in the state.
“We do have a lot of lone star ticks here in Virginia, so we think that’s driving a lot of what we are seeing in Virginia when it comes to alpha-gal and people testing positive for alpha-gal,” said Murphy.
How to Avoid Alpha-Gal
Murphy says the best way to prevent AGS is to avoid getting bitten by ticks. She recommends wearing light colors so you can spot ticks easily. Use bug sprays and check yourself for ticks and bites when you get back inside.
Health officials recommend that people remain extra vigilant in the warm weather when ticks are likely to come around. They are also often found in wooded and bushy areas.
People should use insect repellents that contain 20% to 30% DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) on exposed skin and clothing. They may also spray their clothing with other products that contain permethrin to reduce their risk of tick bites. Good luck staying safe and healthy!